Showing posts with label SUPPLEMENTS MEGASECTION. Show all posts
Showing posts with label SUPPLEMENTS MEGASECTION. Show all posts

Saturday, April 12, 2014

Tricks of the Supplement Industry. By Veeraj Goyaram

Some Tricks of the supplement industry to watch out for

You've been warned
Pas dire pane dire!

By Veeraj Goyaram

While there are some really decent companies in the supplements business, there is also a sizeable number of m0ronic players whose aim is to make profit while shoving their products down your throat. They will sell you shitty products with hefty pricetags. Their main target is the newbies and dumb folks, the same crowd who would invest in penis enlargement tablets. What I am going to do in this article is write about some of the dirty little tricks that some scumbag companies use. For them it's all about making money. 

Dirty Little Trick #1: Faking with performance enhancing drugs. 
In a previous article I wrote about how supplements can be faked with performance enhancing drugs. Numerous supplements have been shown to contain ‘classic’ anabolic steroids like metandienone (Dianabol), stanozolol (Winstrol), oxandrolone (Anavar) etc. This intentional "faking" of products is done in order to provide an "instant gratification" to consumers, as in "Dude I can feel this shit working already!", as a means to generate sales. Besides steroids, other classified compounds like Sibutramine and Clenbuterol have been found in weight loss drugs. One more time, please read my article for an in-depth treatment of the topic. 

Dirty Little Trick #2: Boosting protein content with cheap stuff.
(a.k.a. "Spiking").

Protein is getting expensive. With the Chinese and Russians buying huge amounts of whey protein for use in baby formulas and beverage multinationals bringing out protein RTDs, little is left for the supplement industry. Prices go up and you the consumer pay for it. Unscrupulous companies rip you off as follows:

a. Say a protein powder is supposed to contain 22g of protein per serving.

b. The company can use as little as 10g whey protein.

c. The rest of the "protein" is from cheap amino acids like Glycine, Taurine and even Creatine Monohydrate. Creatine is dirt cheap nowadays.  These amino acid or amino-acic based additives boost the Nitrogen content of the products so that they pass as protein when tested. This is a less shitty way of boosting nitrogen content than what the Chinese were doing during the "Melamine in milk" episode. 
We never know how much of the protein is from whey protein and how
much is from cheap amino acids.
The above label is downright infuriating because they are using cheap aminos to pass as protein. They could have used some BCAAs because there is some evidence that a low protein beverage when supplemented with the BCAA Leucine (6.25g whey + 5g Leucine) can have the same muscle building benefits as a high protein beverage (25g) (Churchward-Venne et al., 2014). 

Dirty Little Trick #3: Proprietary blends
A lot has already been said about proprietary blends. More often than not supplement companies will use proprietary blends as a means to hide their secret mix of ingredients from imitators and competitors. Truth be told, 90% of the time it is simply to hide the fact that their proprietary blend contains very little of the active/costly ingredients listed. Here is a label below of a preworkout supplement. Let us analyse it.

a. It means that you are getting more Arginine Alpha-ketoglutarate than any other ingredient in the blend, as ingredients are listed in order of amount. 

b. How much of each ingredient are you getting? What tells you that there isn't 4000 mg of Arginine and 145 mg of everything else?


c. Why isn't the amount of Caffeine listed? Stimulant-sensitive individuals can benefit from this information. Luckily some companies are disclosing the stimulant content inspite of using proprietary blends. 
Example of a proprietary blend
Below is an example of a label with full ingredient disclosure. It is from the company NutraBio. Shout out to them!




That's all for today. There are many more dirty little tricks but these three are the ones that usually stand out. Should you be in doubt about any supplement, don't hesitate to drop me a line.



Join us for discussions on our facebook group
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My Bio: I am a Mauritian originally from Roche Bois, Port Louis and now based in Cape Town, South Africa where I am busy with my postgraduate studies in molecular biology of exercise. My research, supervised by Prof. Edward Ojuka and Dr. Tertius Kohn, looks at the influence of nutrition and exercise in gene expression in muscle, research which is relevant and applicable to exercising individuals, sports persons and diabetic individuals. The knowledge that I share with you stems from my 18 years of experience in bodybuilding and 8 years (and counting) of university education in the field. I have also published work in the American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism (2012, 2014), International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (2013) and co-authored two book chapters on exercise and diabetes. I also presented my research work at the 2012 International Sports and Exercise Nutrition Conference (UK). I am grateful to each and everyone at the UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine. "Knowledge without sharing is worth nothing"
------------------------------------------
Join us for discussions on our facebook group
Free advice & daily bodybuilding talk
Your #1 Bodybuilding destination in Mauritius 
_________________________________________________________________________
©,2013, Veeraj Goyaram, Bodybuilding Mauritius. Any reprinting in any type of media is prohibited.
Disclaimer: The Content on this site is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. BODYBUILDING MAURITIUS is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties.  Correspondence: vicgoyaram@gmail.com
_______________________________________________________________________________

Tuesday, November 19, 2013

Whey Protein increases Glucose carriers for greater muscle glycogen replenishment. By Veeraj Vic Goyaram

Supplement Research Update

Whey Protein increases Glucose transporters for greater muscle glycogen replenishment
By Veeraj Vic Goyaram
I am very pleased to report this study because it involves Glucose Transporters in skeletal muscle, the same molecules that I do research in.  In this study, researchers from the University of Campinas in Sao Paulo showed how whey protein improves glycogen (stored muscle carbohydrate) replenishment following exercise, allowing improved recovery. They showed that this happens by improved activity of glucose transporters named GLUT4 in a rat model which received whey protein following exercise.

What is GLUT4?
The main transporter of glucose in muscle is Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4). GLUT4 is found inside the cell in the resting state of the cell. After a meal or after an exercise bout, these GLUT4 molecules move to the surface of the cell  where they take up glucose from the bloodstream. The fact that exercise can do this is fantastic news for diabetics and exercising individuals because it means better blood glucose control and muscle glycogen replenishment, respectively. If you need more info on the topic please contact me.
In the right picture you can see that the GLUT4 molecules (stained in green) have moved to the surface of the cell following exercise or a meal. This movement allows glucose to be taken up by the cell from the bloodstream. 

What the researchers did
The researchers, Morato and colleagues had three groups of rats fed experimental diets containing  (A) Casein, (B) Whey Protein and (C) Whey protein Hydrolysate. The animals were subjected to exercise protocol (60min of treadmill running at a speed of 15m/min) and then sacrificed 16 hours later. Their muscles were taken out and analysed.

What was found and what are the implications?
  • In rats fed Whey protein and Whey protein hydrolysate, GLUT4 levels on the cell membrane was higher following after exercise compared to rats fed casein. 
  • This increased level of GLUT4 at the cell surface membrane allowed more glucose to be taken up after exercise for better recovery and the replenishment of muscle glycogen used during exercise.
  • This research study shows the importance of taking a whey protein supplement post training although further research is needed in this topic in human athletes and in diabetics because the latter have reduced GLUT4 movement to the cell membrane.
Exercise increased GLUT4 protein levels in the muscle cell membrane in
all rats. However, this increase was more pronounced in rats fed whey protein and whey protein hydrolysate than rats fed casein

Anything you don't understand or want to know more? 
Please free to drop me a line on vicgoyaram@gmail.com. Don't go ask the wrong persons. 

Reference

Morato PN, Lollo PC, Moura CS, Batista TM, Camargo RL, Carneiro EM, Amaya-Farfan J. Whey protein hydrolysate increases translocation of GLUT-4 to the plasma membrane independent of insulin in wistar rats. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 30;8(8):e71134.

------------------------------------------
Want to know my most trusted supplement resource?
The book below is Vic's Bible!

CLICK HERE TO BUY. 
That would be your greatest investment!
I am an affiliate of examine.com. If you buy the book I get a little
commission. This allows me to bring you more great FREE articles.
Science delivered to your doorstep from someone who does the research in the exercise/ nutrition lab, who lifts and understands your needs.
------------------------------------------


My Bio: I am a Mauritian originally from Roche Bois, Port Louis and now based in Cape Town, South Africa where I am busy with my postgraduate studies in molecular biology of exercise. My research, supervised by Prof. Edward Ojuka, looks at the influence of nutrition and exercise in gene expression in muscle, research which is relevant and applicable to exercising individuals, sports persons and diabetic individuals. The knowledge that I share with you stems from my 18 years of experience in bodybuilding and 8 years (and counting) of university education in the field. I have also published work in the American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism (2013), International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (2013) and co-authored two book chapters on exercise and diabetes. I also presented my research work at the 2012 International Sports and Exercise Nutrition Conference (UK). I am grateful to each and everyone at the UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine. "Knowledge without sharing is worth nothing"
------------------------------------------
Join us for discussions on our facebook group
Free advice & daily bodybuilding talk
Your #1 Bodybuilding destination in Mauritius 
_________________________________________________________________________
©,2013, Veeraj Goyaram, Bodybuilding Mauritius. Any reprinting in any type of media is prohibited.
Disclaimer: The Content on this site is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. BODYBUILDING MAURITIUS is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties.  Correspondence: vicgoyaram@gmail.com
_______________________________________________________________________________

Sunday, November 17, 2013

Caffeine allows you to get more reps and feel less pain. By Veeraj V. Goyaram

Supplement Research Update

Caffeine: Less Pain and More Gain.
By Veeraj V. Goyaram


In this edition of our Supplement Science Update Bodybuilding Mauritius brings you a latest scientific study which further backs the efficacy of Caffeine as a workout booster. It is interesting to note that most caffeine-performance studies were done with aerobic-type exercise and it is nice to see some studies that concern us, iron enthusiasts. The study I report here was done in people who lift!

Duncan and colleagues from Coventry University in England looked at what caffeine, taken at 5mg/ kg body weight, does to:

a. The number of reps performed until failure is reached.
b. The perception of pain while repping to failure.

Findings:

a. More reps thanks to caffeine: For the four exercises tested (bench press, deadlift, prone row and back squat), caffeine allowed participants to get more reps until failure (19.6±3.7 and 18.5±4.1 respectively in caffeine and placebo groups). 

b. Less pain perceived: the perception of muscle pain was also lower in the caffeine group in all exercises. The the scientists among you I am including this nice little graph below. 

Add caption
Some important lessons:
  • Caffeine is a great resistance training booster. That is why most preworkout supplements have caffeine as the main ingredient. Most of the other ingredients are just for show on the labels. I said most, not all.  
  • Caffeine works by reducing the perception of pain.
  • 5mg/kg of Caffeine may be a bit high for certain people. The authors accept that they must look at smaller doses. You must also experiment to find your appropriate dose. 
  • If you don't have the cash for expensive preworkout formulas (neither do I), get hold of coffee or inexpensive caffeine tablets. 
Click to read larger abstract. Email me if you want full article

Reference

Duncan MJ, Stanley M, Parkhouse N, Cook K, Smith M. Acute caffeine ingestion enhances strength performance and reduces perceived exertion and muscle pain perception during resistance exercise. Eur J Sport Sci. 2013;13(4):392-9

------------------------------------------
Want to know my most trusted supplement resource?
The book below is Vic's Bible!

CLICK HERE TO BUY. 
That would be your greatest investment!
I am an affiliate of examine.com. If you buy the book I get a little
commission. This allows me to bring you more great FREE articles.
Science delivered to your doorstep from someone who does the research in the exercise/ nutrition lab, who lifts and understands your needs.
------------------------------------------

My Bio: I am a Mauritian originally from Roche Bois, Port Louis and now based in Cape Town, South Africa where I am busy with my postgraduate studies in molecular biology of exercise. My research, supervised by Prof. Edward Ojuka, looks at the influence of nutrition and exercise in gene expression in muscle, research which is relevant and applicable to exercising individuals, sports persons and diabetic individuals. The knowledge that I share with you stems from my 18 years of experience in bodybuilding and 8 years (and counting) of university education in the field. I have also published work in the American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism (2013), International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (2013) and co-authored two book chapters on exercise and diabetes. I also presented my research work at the 2012 International Sports and Exercise Nutrition Conference (UK). I am grateful to each and everyone at the UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine. "Knowledge without sharing is worth nothing"
------------------------------------------
Join us for discussions on our facebook group
Free advice & daily bodybuilding talk
Your #1 Bodybuilding destination in Mauritius 
_________________________________________________________________________
©,2013, Veeraj Goyaram, Bodybuilding Mauritius. Any reprinting in any type of media is prohibited.
Disclaimer: The Content on this site is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. BODYBUILDING MAURITIUS is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties.  Correspondence: vicgoyaram@gmail.com
_______________________________________________________________________________

Sunday, October 13, 2013

OxyElite Pro Under FDA investigation. By Veeraj Vic Goyaram

Supplement Update
OxyElite Pro Under FDA investigation
By Veeraj Vic Goyaram
The popular fat loss supplement OxyELITE Pro is currently under FDA investigation following its probable involvement in the staggering 24 cases of liver damage that have been recorded in Hawaii, USA. Meanwhile, USP Labs, the manufacturer has also stopped distribution of the product until further notice and as expected the mainstream media has obtained yet another opportunity to write negatively about supplements.

DMAA again?
DMAA is one ingredient which has always been held responsible in recent cases of stimulant supplement-induced health problems. Consequently, the use of DMAA has been discontinued in supplements (e.g. as either DMAA or Geranium oil in fat burners and pre-workouts) although it may still be found in certain countries where legislation still lags behind. This topic was covered in our article (Click to read). In the Hawaii case, USP labs maintain that the original OxyElie Pro version with DMAA has been discontinued since early 2013.

Are we dealing with fakes, maybe?

The fact that this cluster of issues happened in Hawaii and nowhere else in the world is quite perplexing. If USP Labs was intentionally "faking" its products with DMAA then we should probably have obtained more cases due to the massive popularity of the product in question. Moreover, it is too early to incriminate the manufacturer as FDA needs to complete the investigation although "when shit happens" the finger is always firstly pointed at the manufacturer. However, given the high prevalence of counterfeiting in the supplement world, it is not unlikely that some idiot has made fake OxyElite with more of whatever is causing liver issues in it. It is far too easy to make fake nutritional supplements. Even in Mauritius and India I have heard cases of users reporting that their isolate whey protein looks more like cowmilk than a proper isolate shake.

The USP Labs statement
"The company stands by the safety of all of its products. The company is cooperating with FDA on reports coming out of Hawaii. The cluster of liver issues in Hawaii is a complete mystery and nothing like this has ever been associated with OxyELITE Pro in all of the years our products have been in the market. We know of no credible evidence linking OxyELITE Pro to liver issues. The ingredients have been studied for safety, are consumed in the food supply and widely used in dietary supplements. The studies and consumption history show no negative liver issues. Due to multiple products within the OxyELITE Pro brand, it may be confusing as to which products are being looked at. The specific products are the original OxyELITE Pro with DMAA, OxyELITE Pro with the “Purple Top” and OxyELITE Pro Super Thermo Powder. The original version with DMAA has not been manufactured or distributed since early 2013. Out of an abundance of caution, the company has ceased domestic distribution of OxyElite Pro with the Purple Top and OxyElite Pro Super Thermo Powder until the investigation has been completed. The company continues to believe these versions are safe and are not the cause of the cluster of liver toxicity that has occurred in Hawaii."

What's our advice?
  • We always advise to play it safe when it comes to stimulant-based fat burners. Asses your sensitivity to stimulants first before proceeding. Especially with proprietary blends, you don't really know how much of stimulants you are ingesting. For instance when DMAA was in supplements, nobody knew how much DMAA was included per serving. Some had 20 times more than what was listed on the labels.
  • Stick to reputable brands. Do not buy any supplements which look doubtful, fake or with any sign of tampering (mardaille).
  • If you have purchased OxyElite Pro it would be best to proceed with caution. It is advisable to stay away until the FDA issues a clearance. USP labs have stopped distribution of the product anyway

Check us out for further updates on this situation as they become available.

------------------------------------------
Want to know my most trusted supplement resource?
The book below is Vic's Bible!

CLICK HERE TO BUY. 
That would be your greatest investment!
I am an affiliate of examine.com. If you buy the book I get a little
commission. This allows me to bring you more great FREE articles.
Science delivered to your doorstep from someone who does the research in the exercise/ nutrition lab, who lifts and understands your needs.
------------------------------------------


Join us for discussions on our facebook group
Free advice & daily bodybuilding talk
Your #1 Bodybuilding destination in Mauritius 

_________________________________________________________________________
©,2013, Veeraj Goyaram, Bodybuilding Mauritius. Any reprinting in any type of media is prohibited.
Disclaimer: The Content on this site is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. BODYBUILDING MAURITIUS is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties.  Correspondence: vicgoyaram@gmail.com
________________________________________________________________________________

Tuesday, October 8, 2013

Latest evidence that Creatine is safe to the kidneys. By Vic Veeraj Goyaram

Supplement Science Series 

Latest Evidence that Creatine is Safe to the Kidneys
By Vic Veeraj Goyaram

My brother, if there's a supplement which attracted the most negative publicity over the years it has to be Creatine.  Everyone became an expert in Creatine safety and that includes people who never did a single exercise in their life, let alone never even lifted. Parents are fine giving pocket money to their kids to go clubbing (which includes lots of booze) on Friday night but give their kids tremendous brainwash when the latter ask for Creatine money. What is happening to this world? Nevertheless, Creatine stood the test of time and it will soon be 20 years since it hit the shelves of supplement stores. In this article we report one more scientific study which backs Creatine's safety. 

Latest study on Creatine safety
In a recent study conducted by Sao Paolo, Brazil researchers (Lugaresi et al., 2013), participants "who lift" were given Creatine for 12 weeks in addition to their resistance training and high protein diet (>1.2g/kg bodyweight/ day). The Creatine was administered using a loading (20g/ day for 5 days) and maintenance (5g/ day) protocol. Renal (kidney) function was then assessed compared to a placebo.

What's nice about this study?
The researchers did something really nice in this research study: they used a new method to assess kidney function. Usually, scientists and medical professionals use serum (blood) Creatinine as a measure of kidney function. Remember that Creatinine is a waste product derived from the body's use of Creatine. For example, if blood Creatinine is high then this indicates that the kidneys are not working properly. However, Creatinine levels is usually high in people who exercise and take Creatine supplements and this has led to many cases of false diagnosis of kidney problems. God knows how many people have got the shock of the false news that their kidneys were about to give up. 

Click to read full article
The researchers found that Creatine is safe
The researchers found that Creatine supplementation did not negatively affect kidney function. They found that the body does well under Creatine supplementation even in the presence of a fairly high intake of protein. For the science enthusiasts among you, I have included the results from this study below. 
Cr-EDTA clearance is a new measure of kidney function
The latter is not affected by Creatine supplementation
Blood parameters are also not affected under Creatine supplementation
The take-home message
  • Creatine is safe to use by people with normal kidney function.
  • Creatine may be harmful in people with impaired kidney function, as numerous studies have shown.
  • It may be good to have your kidney health tested before using Creatine. Speak to a doctor who understands your bodybuilding needs or a pathologist to interpret your results.
If there is anything regarding this paper and Creatine safety that you would like to discuss with me then feel free to send me an email at vicgoyaram@gmail.com. 

Reference
Lugaresi R, Leme M, de SP, V, Murai IH, Roschel H, Sapienza MT, Lancha Junior AH and Gualano B. Does long-term creatine supplementation impair kidney function in resistance-trained individuals consuming a high-protein diet? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 10: 26, 2013.


------------------------------------------
Want to know my most trusted supplement resource?
The book below is Vic's Bible!

CLICK HERE TO BUY. 
That would be your greatest investment!
I am an affiliate of examine.com. If you buy the book I get a little
commission. This allows me to bring you more great FREE articles.
Science delivered to your doorstep from someone who does the research in the exercise/ nutrition lab, who lifts and understands your needs.

------------------------------------------
My Bio: I am a Mauritian originally from Roche Bois, Port Louis and now based in Cape Town, South Africa where I am busy with my postgraduate studies in molecular biology of exercise. My research, supervised by Prof. Edward Ojuka, looks at the influence of nutrition and exercise in gene expression in muscle, research which is relevant and applicable to exercising individuals, sports persons and diabetic individuals. The knowledge that I share with you stems from my 18 years of experience in bodybuilding and 8 years (and counting) of university education in the field. I have also published work in the American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism (2013), International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (2013) and co-authored two book chapters on exercise and diabetes. I also presented my research work at the 2012 International Sports and Exercise Nutrition Conference (UK). I am grateful to each and everyone at the UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine. "Knowledge without sharing is worth nothing"
------------------------------------------
Join us for discussions on our facebook group
Free advice & daily bodybuilding talk
Your #1 Bodybuilding destination in Mauritius 
_________________________________________________________________________
©,2013, Veeraj Goyaram, Bodybuilding Mauritius. Any reprinting in any type of media is prohibited.
Disclaimer: The Content on this site is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. BODYBUILDING MAURITIUS is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties.  Correspondence: vicgoyaram@gmail.com
____________________________________________________________________________

Wednesday, August 28, 2013

Latest Research Update: Protein Intake After Training. By Veeraj Vic Goyaram

Nutrition Research Update

What's the Best Way to Have Protein After Training? 
By Veeraj. V. Goyaram
As bodybuilders we have a lot of questions about protein intake, largely we want to get the most anabolic bang for our protein buck. We have all question at one point about protein intake after training: How much, what type, what frequency etc. Isn't it beautiful when science addresses and sheds light on some of these questions?

Recently, a group of scientists (Areta et al., 2013) put their minds together and studied the effect of protein intake during a 12-hour window after training. This is indeed nice because most research studies has focused on the early post-exercise recovery time frame (approx. 5hrs) and little is known about what happens after that because clearly recovery extends way beyond a 5hr time frame. This research was carried out by an impressive team of exercise nutrition masterminds some of whom I've had the chance to meet in England last year and were former students of my research unit at the University of Cape Town (Prof. John Hawley and Louise Burke). Their research is 100% trustworthy.

What was studied?
The researchers studied what the effect of consuming 80g of protein in the 12-hour time period following a workout would have on muscle protein synthesis. They compared three different ways in which this 80g of protein, given as whey protein, was taken:

1. PULSE: 8x 10 g doses (one dose every 1.5 hours)
2. INTERMEDIATE: 4 x 20 g doses (one dose every 3 hours)
3. BOLUS: 2x 40 g doses (one dose every 6 hours)

So basically, what they did was to give whey protein drink in the ways listed above and then take blood and muscle samples at several time points. Blood samples were taken to measure blood amino acid levels and insulin levels while the muscles were used to analyse various proteins involved in muscle protein synthesis. 

The major findings and their meaning to us bodybuilders

A. Feeding every 3 hours is best!
A very interesting finding is that Myofibrillar FSR, a measure of Muscle Protein Synthesis, was highest over the 12 hour period in subjects that received 4 x 20g whey protein doses every 3 hours. This means that it is advisable to spread your protein intake (smaller amounts over 3 hour time intervals) rather than a) consuming all at once or skipping meals and then double it up at the next sitting. This study adds further scientific evidence to the bodybuilding practice of eating every three hours and that you don't need excessive amount of protein at one sitting because it doesn't give a greater response. Furthermore, eating excessive protein at one sitting leads to oxidation of the amino acids (an expensive thing, considering the price of protein). The study authors state that 20g of high quality protein does the job every 3 hours to maximise the recovery response.
Figure 1: Myofibrillar Fractional Synthetic rate (a measure of muscle protein synthesis) was kept elevated in the "intermediate group" to a greater extent than in other groups
B. Whey protein triggers an insulin response
Remember that whey is insulinogenic, meaning it triggers insulin release after ingestion. In this study, the researchers did see a major insulin response each time a 40g bolus of of whey protein was ingested. Interestingly, the insulin response on the second bolus was smaller that the first one. The magnitude of insulin release is quite significant and this is why whey protein is not advised during the final weeks of dieting leading to a bodybuilding contest. During that phase it is essential to keep insulin levels low in order to promote fat burning, because insulin is a potent regulator of enzymes that burn/ store fat. 
Figure 2: Whey protein ingestion triggers an insulin response. This response
was highest in the bolus group. 
Some points to consider

The research used Whey protein. How about whole food? 
This study has used whey protein feeding. The authors of this study state that another protein like casein or a mixed protein meal would not give the same response. This is because the effect of whey protein in this study was highly dependent on the rise in blood amino acids elicited by whey protein.

Further research is needed on whether nutrition strategies using whole foods can also give a favourable response. But for now I hope that you have learned two valuable lessons in bodybuilding protein nutrition:

1. Time your intake such that you ingest protein every 3 hours

2. You do not go overboard on protein at one sitting. Don't skip protein and then try to make for it afterwards by consuming excessive protein at the next sitting.

References

Areta JL, Burke LM, Ross ML, Camera DM, West DW, Broad EM, Jeacocke NA, Moore DR, Stellingwerff T, Phillips SM, Hawley JA and Coffey VG. Timing and distribution of protein ingestion during prolonged recovery from resistance exercise alters myofibrillar protein synthesis. J Physiol 591: 2319-2331, 2013.


_________________________________________________________________________
©,2013, Veeraj Goyaram, Bodybuilding Mauritius. Any reprinting in any type of media is prohibited.
Disclaimer: The Content on this site is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. BODYBUILDING MAURITIUS is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties.  Correspondence: vicgoyaram@gmail.com
________________________________________________________________________________